This book is the best available survey and analysis of the interrelations of the wars on. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a countrys population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. Pashtun definition of pashtun by the free dictionary. Pashtun people are tribal people, who are sunni muslims, and speak pashto.
Poetry of the taliban, a book of translations which will be published in. In the late eighteenth century, kabul was established as afghanistans capital. Apr 05, 2019 but it has left 70% pashtuns in pakistan and just 30% in afghanistan, even though they assume afghanistan as a land of pashtun forefathers. Pakistan, islamism, and the fear of afghan nationalism. Pashtun are made up of about sixty tribes of varying sizes. Other sources say that up to 60% of afghanistan s population is made up of ethnic pashtuns, forming the largest ethnic group in that country. Afghanistan history, map, flag, capital, population. In 1933 amanullahs nephew mohammad zahir shah, the last king of afghanistan, began a 40year reign. Update to date information about population of afghanistan in 2020. In this falsecolor satellite image vegetation appears fluorescent green, urban areas range in. In pakistan, where they are also referred to as pathans, pukhtuns or pukhtoons, estimates of their size range from 15 to.
The pashtun people are the largest ethnic group in afghanistan and comprise the largest ethnic group in the northwest frontier province of pakistan one can only guess at their number, the highest estimate given at present is 40 million. The world population of pashtuns is estimated at 42 million, and they make up the majority of the population of modernday afghanistan. By the mid1990s many of the refugees returned restoring the pashtuns to their status of the largest ethnic group in afghanistan constituting about 45% of the population. A member of an ethnic group of afghanistan and parts of western pakistan. Afghanistan is a multiethnic society consisting of a wide variety of ethno linguistic groups. Jan 16, 2010 pashtun clue to lost tribes of israel this article is more than 10 years old genetic study sets out to uncover if there is a 2,700yearold link to afghanistan and pakistan. In pakistan, pashtun predominate north of the town of quetta and between the sulaiman mountain ranges and the indus river.
Pashtun diplomacy in afghan foreign policy the diplomat. Pashtun clue to lost tribes of israel this article is more than 10 years old genetic study sets out to uncover if there is a 2,700yearold link to afghanistan and pakistan. A team of afghan academics has some explaining to do after their. The cia world factbook estimates that afghanistans population was 31. The conflict between the hazara and the pashtun started when abdur rahman khan became the ruler of afghanistan. However, resistance to his domestic reform program forced his abdication in 1929. Every single one of the percentages people give you is an estimate. The newspaper goes on to report that the book, which rferl was unable to. If this estimate is true, it puts the pashtuns in good stead for being the largest muslim tribal group in the world.
Pashtun synonyms, pashtun pronunciation, pashtun translation, english dictionary definition of pashtun. In mid2008, a new international conference in support of. Pashtun, tajik, hazara, uzbek, aymaq, turkmen, baloch, pashai, nuristani, gujjar, arab, brahui, pamiri and a few others. Pashtun clue to lost tribes of israel world news the. The population of the country is divided into the following ethnolinguistic groups. Just to tell you in advance, no recent census has been conducted in afghanistan. Ahmad shah durrani is regarded as the founder of the modern state of afghanistan, while bacha khan was a pashtun independence.
The present population of afghanistan contains many diverse elements, the. This paper will deal mainly with pashtuns the largest single ethnic group in afghanistan. The hazaras are mostly shia musliam, speak a distinct dialect of persian, and appear asiatic. Author not only presented different facts in this book. The hamid karzai presidency, nato takeover, and taliban resurgence. Pashtun also spelled pashtoon about 42% of the countrys population are pashtuns, making pashtuns the largest ethnic group in the country. Aug 11, 2019 the pashtuns of afghanistan and pakistan had to be distinguished from other people in afghanistan, such as the ethnic tajiks, uzbeks, and hazara. Despite some progress in recent years in both security and energy, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have traditionally deterred investors. Nobody knows the pashtuns in afghanistan and pakistan the way that. Pashtun clue to lost tribes of israel world news the guardian. Durand line is the most hated structure among pashtuns and its existence pains them most. Afghan, pashtun, pukhtun have originally been synonyms and are still understood so by a large part of the local population, although the afghan state officially includes all ethnic groups under this term. Pashtun make up the largest ethnic group in afghanistan, followed by tajiks, hazara, uzbek, aimaks, baloch, and others. The pashtun today most pashtuns today are sunni muslims, although a small minority are shia.
There have been many notable pashtun people throughout history. Estimates of the number of pashtun tribes and clans range from about 350 to over 400. The pashtuns are mostly sunni muslims, speak pashto and are overwhelmingly caucasian. The cia world factbook estimates that afghanistan s population was 31. India, as a british colony, once had a large pashtun population roughly equal to that of afghanistan, mostly concentrated in what were then the british indian provinces of the northwest frontier province and baluchistan. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. Ethnic violence in afghanistan demographics of afghanistan. As the largest ethnic group in afghanistan anywhere between 42 and 60 percent of the population, pashtuns have been the dominant ethnolinguistic group for over 300 years. Difference between hazara and pashtun hazara vs pashtun. The hazaras now constitute about 9% of afghanistans. In the late eighteenth century, kabul was established as afghanistan s capital. After world war ii, in which afghanistan remained neutral, the longstanding division of the pashtun tribes caused tension with the neighboring state of pakistan, founded on the other side of the durand line in 1948. Pakistans pashtun unease that just triggered durand.
Afghanistans ethnic groups share a ychromosomal heritage. Alternative names historically used for the region include pashtunkhwa. Aug 28, 2015 pashtun migrants in the northern areas of pakistan this book is written on the pashtuns by author matthias weinreich in 2011. During the delhi sultanate era, the 15th16th century lodi dynasty briefly replaced the preexisting rulers in north india until babur completely deposed the lodi dynasty. Afghanistans hazara minority outraged by science academy insults. The nation is composed of a multiethnic and multilingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between central asia, southern asia, and western asia. Spread over a vast geographical area and riven by socioeconomic, political, tribal and linguistic dialectical differences, pashtuns nevertheless share a unique sense. So, too, fared much of the country, its economy in shambles and its people scattered and. Feb 14, 2009 the world population of pashtuns is estimated at 42 million, and they make up the majority of the population of modernday afghanistan. In 1504 the region fell under a new empire, the mughals of northern india, who for the next two centuries contested afghan territory with the iranian safavi dynasty.
Perspectives on attitudes and behaviors of pashtun women in. Who are the pashtun people of afghanistan and pakistan. Author closely examines the phenomenon of pashtun migration into the pakistans hilly areas. Pakistan and afghanistan institute for the study of war. The pashtuns of afghanistan and pakistan had to be distinguished from other people in afghanistan, such as the ethnic tajiks, uzbeks, and hazara. In pashtun areas, this has led to the growth of patronage systems along subethnic lines and fuelled tensions within communities. By the mid1990s many of the refugees returned restoring the pashtuns to their status of the largest ethnic. There are more than 12 million pashtuns in afghanistan, constituting 42% of the population.
This raised the percentage of hazaras in afghanistan from 8% in 1978 to 14% in 1987. The pashtun of afghanistan and pakistan have been called the largest muslim tribal society in the world. This, accordingly, lowered the percentage of pashtuns inside afghanistan temporarily and raised the percentages of the countrys other ethnic groups. They form the majority of the population in the province of khyber pakhtunkhwa and the federally administered tribal areas. As you would expect, there is a diverse range of ethnic groups within the country. Mar 11, 2020 the taliban is a predominantly pashtun, islamic fundamentalist group that ruled afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when a u. Indeed, at one point, the soviets contemplated the idea of moving.
Fearing secession, pakistan set out to destroy pashtun nationalism by islamizing pakistani pashtuns and killing afghan pashtun nationalists. Perspectives on attitudes and behaviors of pashtun women. This, accordingly, lowered the percentage of pashtuns in afghanistans population and raised the percentages of the countrys other ethnic groups until the mid1990s when many of the refugees returned. Pashtun migrants in the northern areas of pakistan pakistan. Pashtuns or pakhtuns are the second largest ethnolinguistic group of pakistan. Abdur rahman khan favored the pashtun people and despised the hazara people. The pashtun question the unresolved key to the future of.
The ethnonym afghan has been historically used since the 3rd century ad to refer to the pashtuns, and is now used to describe every citizen of afghanistan. As the largest ethnic group in afghanistan anywhere between 42 and 60 percent of the population, pashtuns have been the dominant ethnolinguistic group for. There are at least 30 major tribes, and countless subtribes and clans. In english only, for now adolescent fertility rate births per 1,000 women ages 1519. Pashtuns make up an estimated 42% of the population of contemporary afghanistan. Just as an addition, the most recent census of afgh. The population of afghanistan is around 37,5,635 in 2019, which includes the roughly 3 million afghan citizens living as refugees in both pakistan and iran. The author criticizes both nations for their unwillingness to incorporate pushtoon in the state structure and give them space to effectively participate in the economics and politics and be a part of the process of nation building. Any legitimate pashtun grievance regarding the government, pakistan army or institutions has always invited furious counterreaction from.
The epub format uses ebook readers, which have several ease of reading features already built in. The pashtun community was further divided when pakistan gained its independence from india in 1947. There are conflicting theories about the origin of the pashtun people, both among. The people of afghanistan are a very diverse group of people, belonging to many different and distinct ethnic groups. In afghanistan itself, the pashtuns make up some 40 percent of the. They practice subsistence farming and also keep livestock. Pashtun migrants in the northern areas of pakistan.
Pashtun people constituted a huge percentage of population in pakistans northern areas. They stepped up their military operations and aerial bombardments of the pashtun areas in the south, while leaving the nonpashtun areas in relative calm and virtually intact. Afghanistan population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. Sep 10, 2019 afghanistans beautiful architecture is seen in their mosques and homes. Pashtun have lived for centuries between khurasan and the indian subcontinent, at the crossroads of great civilizations. The pashtuns are the worlds largest segmentary lineage ethnic group. The capital of afghanistan is its largest city, kabul.
Hazaras are considered as persian speaking people and they mainly inhabit central afghanistan. Depending on the source, the ethnic pashtuns constitute 4260% of the population of afghanistan. Current numbers suggest that roughly 42 per cent of afghans consider themselves pashtun, whereas the rest of the population is constituted of tajik sunni persianspeakers 27 per cent, the shiite hazara also persianspeakers, but of another. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in afghanistan, accounting for about 42 percent of the population, with tajiks 27%. Though they have been living in pakistan since 1947, pakistans dominant punjabi state apparatus has never accepted them wholeheartedly as genuine pakistani citizens. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. Pashtun introduction, location, language, folklore.
The afghan national anthem and the afghan constitution mention a total of 14 ethnic groups. Pushton ethnic group lives in both states, pakistan and afghanistan. Some of the ethnic groups of the afghanistan are pashtun, tajik, hazara, uzbek, aimak, turkmen, baloch, pashai and many more. Library of congress federal research division country profile. They speak the hazaragi variant of persian, one of the two official languages of afghanistan they are the thirdlargest ethnic group in afghanistan, also making up a significant minority group in the neighboring pakistan, with a population of. Since the formation of the afghan national unity government in 2014, kabul has used pashtun diplomacy as an instrument to bring the bilateral afghanistanpakistan relationship back. Ive always been interested in afghanistan it seems like a true melting pot of various nationalities according to a study by the asia foundation in 2012, pashtuns accounted for 40% of the afghanistani population, with tajiks at 33%, hazaras at 11%, and uzbeks at 9%. Pakistan has a large englishspeaking population, with englishlanguage skills less prevalent outside urban centers. Of the 31 million or so afghan residents, 42% are pashtun, 27% tajik, 9% hazara, 9% uzbek, 4% aimak, 3% turkmen, 2% baloch and 4% fall into an unspecified other group.
The size of the pashtun population in afghanistan is disputed and no definitive census data exist in afghanistan. The majority of them are pashtuns who were born in that country. With the death of the great safavi leader nadir shah in 1747, indigenous pashtuns, who became known as the durrani, began a period of at least nominal rule in afghanistan that lasted until 1978. Those pashtuns living within pakistans borders more than half of the total pashtun population became subject to a country governed by a punjabi majority. Data tables, maps, charts, and live population clock. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostlytribal society. The smart book concludes with an overview of the culture of afghanistan including religion, identity, behavior. In rohilkhand, they made large settlements subsequent to 14th century and prior to the 20th century. The pashtuns are the principal tribal group in afghanistan, estimated to be 40 to 42 percent of the total population, which would number about 12. Pakistans goal was to have afghanistan dominated by.
Pashtuns make up the largest ethnic group in afghanistan, comprising 4260% of the total afghan population. Population of afghanistan 2020 live world population clock. Estimated to be in excess of 45% of the population, the pashtuns have been the most dominant ethnic group in afghanistan. The republic of afghanistan 197378 civil war, communist phase 197892 civil war, mujahideentaliban phase 19922001 struggle for democracy. The hazara people are nomads that were forced to live in the kazarasjat mountains by the government. No matter what youre looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Pashtun migrants in the northern areas of pakistan this book is written on the pashtuns by author matthias weinreich in 2011.
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